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Sendari

Outskirt Area · 3 km scoring

Bilaspur Bilaspur Zone

Peripheral growth

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Via Google Maps All Amenities

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56.55

Livability Report

Below city avg of 62/100

Score updated Nov 3, 2026

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Top Performing

Water Bodies 100

Earthquake Safety Score 90

Population Density 82

Area Snapshot

Sendari is a Locality in Bilaspur (bilaspur) with 🟢 good livability livability (Score: 56.55/100, Grade: C). It scores -5.5 below the Bilaspur average.

Strengths: Water Bodies, Earthquake Safety, Flood Safety · Needs improvement: Amenities, Population Density

Best suited for: Investors

Monthly Cost of Living

₹13,779 – ₹70,799 /month

🍽️ Restaurants

₹1,500 – ₹6,000

🛒 Groceries

₹2,500 – ₹7,000

🚗 Transport

₹1,800 – ₹23,600

💡 Utilities

₹1,079 – ₹6,699

🏠 Housing

₹4,000 – ₹6,500

🏥 Health

₹200 – ₹3,000

🎭 Lifestyle

₹2,700 – ₹18,000

₹26,553 – ₹125,109 /month

🍽️ Restaurants

₹3,000 – ₹12,000

🛒 Groceries

₹5,000 – ₹14,000

🚗 Transport

₹2,700 – ₹35,400

💡 Utilities

₹1,403 – ₹8,709

🏠 Housing

₹10,000 – ₹22,000

🏥 Health

₹400 – ₹6,000

🎭 Lifestyle

₹4,050 – ₹27,000

₹39,576 – ₹207,418 /month

🍽️ Restaurants

₹4,500 – ₹18,000

🛒 Groceries

₹8,750 – ₹24,500

🚗 Transport

₹3,600 – ₹47,200

💡 Utilities

₹1,726 – ₹10,718

🏠 Housing

₹10,000 – ₹22,000

🎓 Education

₹5,000 – ₹40,000

🏥 Health

₹600 – ₹9,000

🎭 Lifestyle

₹5,400 – ₹36,000

₹10,130 – ₹45,980 /month

🍽️ Restaurants

₹900 – ₹3,600

🛒 Groceries

₹1,250 – ₹3,500

🚗 Transport

₹1,440 – ₹18,880

🏠 Housing

₹5,500 – ₹10,000

🏥 Health

₹200 – ₹3,000

🎭 Lifestyle

₹840 – ₹7,000

Full Breakdown

Click any metric card to explore detailed parameters

↓ Fav

Air Quality

Very Good

↑ Fav

Water

Good

↑ Fav

47.7

Sanitation

Below Average

↑ Fav

56.55

Infrastructure

Good

↑ Fav

2.27

Amenities

Extreme

↑ Fav

30.2

Quiet Score

Below Average

↑ Fav

38.4

Green Cover

Below Average

↑ Fav

72.5

Flood Risk Safety Score

Very Good

↑ Fav

Earthquake Safety Score

Perfect

↓ Fav

57.5

Surface Temp

Good

↑ Fav

68.4

Open Area

Good

↑ Fav

31.1

Night Lights

Below Average

↑ Fav

100

Water Bodies

Perfect

↓ Fav

Population Density

Very Good

↑ Fav

62.1

Groundwater

Good

↓ Fav

Risk Factors

Safe

SPECIAL ← Fav

12.5

Walkability

Extreme

Score Trends

Historical parameter scores over the past 3 data points 01 Nov — 03 Nov 2026

What's Nearby

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Parameter	Value	NAAQS Limit	Direction
AQI Satisfactory	64	0–50 Good	Lower is better
Air Quality Index — a single number (0–500) summarizing overall air pollution. Computed from the worst-performing pollutant. AQI ≤50 is "Good"; above 200 is "Very Poor" and dangerous for sensitive groups.
PM2.5	17.36 µg/m³	≤40 µg/m³ (24hr)	Lower is better
Fine particulate matter (diameter <2.5 µm). These ultra-fine particles penetrate deep into lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory disease, heart attacks, and reduced life expectancy. Main sources: vehicle exhaust, construction dust, industrial emissions, crop burning.
PM10	51.72 µg/m³	≤60 µg/m³ (24hr)	Lower is better
Coarse particulate matter (diameter <10 µm). Includes dust, pollen, and mold spores. Causes coughing, aggravates asthma, and irritates eyes/throat. Less dangerous than PM2.5 but still a major concern in dusty cities like Bilaspur.
NO₂	24.31 µg/m³	≤40 µg/m³ (annual)	Lower is better
Nitrogen Dioxide — reddish-brown gas from vehicle engines and power plants. Irritates airways, worsens asthma, and contributes to smog/acid rain formation. High NO₂ is a strong indicator of traffic-related pollution.
SO₂	7.57 µg/m³	≤50 µg/m³ (24hr)	Lower is better
Sulfur Dioxide — pungent gas from burning coal, oil, and industrial smelting. Causes burning sensation in nose/throat, breathing difficulty, and contributes to acid rain which damages buildings and vegetation.
CO	0.33 mg/m³	≤2 mg/m³ (8hr)	Lower is better
Carbon Monoxide — colorless, odorless gas from incomplete combustion (vehicles, generators, burning biomass). Reduces blood's ability to carry oxygen, causing headaches, dizziness. High levels indoors can be fatal. Especially dangerous in enclosed/poorly ventilated areas.
O₃	103.28 µg/m³	≤100 µg/m³ (8hr)	Lower is better
Ground-level Ozone — unlike protective ozone in upper atmosphere, ground-level O₃ is harmful. Formed when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions. Peaks in afternoon heat. Triggers chest pain, coughing, and throat irritation. Especially harmful for children and elderly.
NH₃	6.31 µg/m³	≤400 µg/m³ (24hr)	Lower is better
Ammonia — a pungent gas from agricultural fertilizers, animal waste, sewage treatment, and some industrial processes. High concentrations irritate eyes, nose, and throat. Contributes to secondary PM2.5 formation through atmospheric reactions.

Parameter	Value	Ideal	Score
TDS Very Good	360 ppm	≤300 ppm	75 /100
Total Dissolved Solids — measures dissolved minerals, salts & metals in water. High TDS makes water taste salty/bitter, can cause scaling in pipes, and may indicate contamination. BIS acceptable limit: 500 ppm. Lower is better
pH Level Perfect	7.3	6.5–8.5	100 /100
Measures acidity (pH<7) or alkalinity (pH>7) of water. Too acidic water corrodes pipes releasing metals; too alkaline causes scale buildup and bitter taste. Neutral pH 7.0 is ideal. BIS range: 6.5–8.5. Closer to 7.0 is better
Supply Extreme	3 hrs/day	24 hrs	12 /100
Hours of piped water supply per day. 24/7 continuous supply is ideal. Intermittent supply causes negative pressure in pipes, drawing in contaminants from surrounding soil. Also forces storage in tanks which increases bacterial growth. Higher is better
Fluoride Perfect	0.6 mg/L	≤1.0 mg/L	100 /100
Fluoride concentration in water. Small amounts (0.5–1.0 mg/L) help prevent dental cavities, but excess fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) causes dental fluorosis (staining/pitting of teeth) and skeletal fluorosis (bone deformity). BIS limit: 1.0 mg/L (acceptable), 1.5 mg/L (max permissible). Lower is better
Total (sum of 4 params)	287/400
Water Score (Total ÷ 4) Good	65 /100

Parameter	What It Measures	Better Direction	BIS Standard
TDS	Total Dissolved Solids — dissolved minerals, salts & metals. High TDS causes salty/bitter taste and pipe scaling.	↓ Lower	≤500 ppm (acceptable) ≤2000 ppm (max)
pH Level	Acidity/alkalinity of water. Too acidic corrodes pipes; too alkaline causes scale buildup. Best at neutral 7.0.	≈ Closer to 7.0	6.5–8.5
Supply Hours	Hours of piped water per day. Intermittent supply draws contaminants into pipes and forces tank storage (bacterial growth).	← Higher	24 hrs (ideal)
Fluoride	Fluoride concentration. Small amounts prevent cavities; excess causes dental/skeletal fluorosis (bone damage).	↓ Lower	≤1.0 mg/L (safe) ≤1.5 mg/L (max)
Nitrate	NO₃⁻ from agricultural runoff & sewage. Excess causes "blue baby syndrome" in infants and long-term health risks.	↓ Lower	≤45 mg/L (as NO₃⁻)

Parameter	Value	Score	Benchmark	Weight
ODF Status	ODF	40	ODF++ is best	20%
Open Defecation Free certification. ODF means no open defecation. ODF+ adds solid/liquid waste management. ODF++ means all faecal sludge is safely managed and treated.
Sewage Treatment Coverage	32.00%	32	100% ideal	30%
Percentage of households connected to a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) or decentralized treatment system. Higher coverage means less untreated sewage entering water bodies.
Drainage Coverage	38.00%	38	100% ideal	25%
Storm water and waste water drainage network coverage. Proper drainage prevents waterlogging, mosquito breeding, and disease outbreaks during monsoon.
Waste Collection	Daily	80	Daily (2x) is best	15%
Door-to-door waste collection frequency. Daily (2x) = twice daily collection. Daily = once daily. Alt. Day = alternate days. More frequent collection reduces open dumping and disease vectors.
Sewage Disposal Method	Septic Tank	50	Centralized STP best	10%
How sewage is treated. Centralized STP = large treatment plant serving the sector/city. STP Connected = individual ward connected to STP. Septic Tank = on-site treatment. Open Drain = untreated discharge (worst).

Parameter	Value
Avg Built Surface per Pixel	0.0 m²
Total Built Surface	0 m²
Built Surface Fraction	1,242.8%
Avg Building Height	3.33 m
Max Building Height	12.9 m
Total Built Volume	9,871,595 m³
Mean Built Volume per Pixel	8,350.6 m³

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average
Built-up (LULC)	40.8%	22.3%	31.6%
Avg Bldg Height	4.08 m	2.57 m	3.33 m
Night Radiance	19.00	12.01	15.51
Urbanization	71.9	67.7	69.8
Dynamic World Built	72.1%	46.1%	59.1%
NDBI	0.0369	0.0077	0.0200
Impervious Surface	27.3%	10.1%	18.7%
Mean Slope	0.11°	0.11°	0.11°
Infra Score	62.5	50.6	56.6

Parameter	Value
Avg Built Surface per Pixel	1,572.5 m²
Total Built Surface	48,920,448 m²
Built Surface Fraction	1,557.2%
Avg Building Height	4.08 m
Max Building Height	12.9 m
Total Built Volume	3,376,673 m³
Mean Built Volume per Pixel	10,855.6 m³

Parameter	Value
Avg Built Surface per Pixel	937.6 m²
Total Built Surface	262,518,234 m²
Built Surface Fraction	928.5%
Avg Building Height	2.57 m
Max Building Height	12.9 m
Total Built Volume	16,366,516 m³
Mean Built Volume per Pixel	5,845.7 m³

Parameter	Risk Level	Score	Benchmark	Weight
River Flood Risk	Low	10	Low (10) = Safest	50%
Risk of flooding from rivers. Areas near rivers, nalas and low-lying ground face highest risk during monsoon.
Urban Waterlogging	Low-Medium	25	Low (10) = Safest	50%
Risk of urban waterlogging due to inadequate storm-water drainage. RMC data shows 97% incidence of waterlogging in the city with a 52% drainage coverage gap. Dense old-city areas and lake overflow zones are most vulnerable.

Parameter	Value	Description
Soil Type	Alluvial plain (Hasdeo-Arpa basin)	Primary differentiator — soft soil amplifies earthquake shaking
Seismic Zone	Zone II	BIS IS-1893 classification (Zone II = lowest hazard in India)
PGA (475-yr)	0.0155g	Peak Ground Acceleration for 475-year return period (~10% in 50 yrs)
PGA (2475-yr)	0.0325g	Peak Ground Acceleration for 2475-year return period (~2% in 50 yrs)
Liquefaction Risk	None	Soil liquefaction potential during seismic events — saturated soils are most susceptible
Raw Risk Score	1/5	1/5 = safest (hard soil), 5/5 = highest risk (soft saturated soil in high zone)

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
Mean Temp	31.30°C	29.96°C	30.63°C
Min Temp	25.86°C	24.82°C	25.34°C
Max Temp	37.62°C	36.50°C	37.06°C
LST Score	54.8	60.2	57.5

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
Built-up %	40.8%	22.3%	31.6%
Open Space %	59.2%	77.7%	68.4%
Score	59.2	77.7	68.4

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
Avg Radiance	19.151	11.917	15.534
Score	38.3	23.8	31.1

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
Permanent Water %	0.00%	22.68%	11.34%
Seasonal Water %	82.84%	90.78%	86.81%
Score	30.0	100.0	100.0

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
Population	14,233	75,391	44,812
Density (per km²)	4,531	2,666	3,599
Score	77.4	86.7	82.0

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0–200 mm)	188.6 mm	30%	94.3 /100
GW Recharge P − ET − Runoff (−200 to +400 mm/yr)	-3.7 mm/yr	25%	32.7 /100
PDSI (Drought Index) −4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet)	1.00	20%	62.5 /100
SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021→2024 (−50 to +50 mm)	-8.3 mm	15%	41.7 /100
Precipitation Annual rainfall (800–1800 mm/yr)	1,488 mm/yr	10%	68.8 /100
Groundwater Score	100%	62.1/100

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0–200 mm)	188.5 mm	30%	94.3 /100
GW Recharge P − ET − Runoff (−200 to +400 mm/yr)	-3.5 mm/yr	25%	32.7 /100
PDSI (Drought Index) −4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet)	1.03	20%	62.8 /100
SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021→2024 (−50 to +50 mm)	-8.3 mm	15%	41.7 /100
Precipitation Annual rainfall (800–1800 mm/yr)	1,490 mm/yr	10%	69.0 /100
Groundwater Score	100%	62.2/100

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0–200 mm)	188.6 mm	30%	94.3 /100
GW Recharge P − ET − Runoff (−200 to +400 mm/yr)	-3.9 mm/yr	25%	32.7 /100
PDSI (Drought Index) −4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet)	0.97	20%	62.1 /100
SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021→2024 (−50 to +50 mm)	-8.3 mm	15%	41.7 /100
Precipitation Annual rainfall (800–1800 mm/yr)	1,486 mm/yr	10%	68.6 /100
Groundwater Score	100%	62.0/100

Category	Score	Level	Issues
Environmental Hazards	0		0
Water & Drainage	6		0
Air Pollution Sources	0		0
Infrastructure Stress	0		0
Land & Zoning Risks	0		0
Safety & Social	0		0
Future Threats	0		0
Health & Nuisance	0		0
Accessibility Risks	0		0

Category	Count	Max	Score
Hospitals (3km)	0	10	0 /100
Schools (3km)	0	5	0 /100
Markets (3km)	0	3	0 /100
Parks (3km)	0	3	0 /100
BRTS/Bus Stop (3km)	0	2	0 /100
Pharmacy (3km)	0	5	0 /100
Banks (3km)	0	3	0 /100
Restaurants (3km)	0	5	0 /100
Worship (3km)	0	5	0 /100
Transport Services (3km)	0	3	0 /100
Total (sum of 11 categories)	0/1100
Amenity Score (Total ÷ 11)	2.27 /100

Source	Count (2 km)	Nearest (m)	Impact
Major Highways Motorways, trunk & primary roads (high traffic volume)	7	400	High
Industrial Zones Factories, manufacturing & industrial land use areas	2	147	Very High
Railway Lines Rail & light rail tracks (intermittent but high peak noise)	9	703	Moderate
Airport Swami Vivekananda Airport (flight path noise)	—	104.1 km	Low

Factor	Weight	Value	Contribution	Meaning
Highway Proximity	40%	400m	8.0	Farther from highways = less traffic noise = higher score
Industrial Proximity	25%	147m	1.8	Farther from factories = less industrial hum = higher score
Railway Proximity	15%	703m	5.3	Farther from tracks = less train noise = higher score
Highway Density	10%	7 roads	3.0	Fewer major roads nearby = less cumulative traffic noise
Industrial Density	10%	2 zones	6.0	Fewer industrial zones = quieter residential environment
Total Quiet Score	100%	—	30.2	Higher score = quieter and more livable

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
NDVI Mean Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) → 0.5+ (lush forest).	0.229	40%	45.8 /100
Vegetation Coverage % of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees).	65.3%	30%	65.3 /100
Dense Green Cover % of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests).	1.2%	20%	2.5 /100
Parks within 500m Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance.	0	10%	0 /100
Averaged (1000m + 3000m) Green Score	38.4 /100

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
NDVI Mean Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) → 0.5+ (lush forest).	0.207	40%	41.4 /100
Vegetation Coverage % of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees).	52.3%	30%	52.3 /100
Dense Green Cover % of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests).	0.4%	20%	0.9 /100
Parks within 500m Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance.	0	10%	0 /100
1000m Buffer Green Score	32.4 /100

Parameter	Value	Weight	Sub-Score
NDVI Mean Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) → 0.5+ (lush forest).	0.251	40%	50.2 /100
Vegetation Coverage % of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees).	78.4%	30%	78.4 /100
Dense Green Cover % of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests).	2.0%	20%	4.1 /100
Parks within 500m Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance.	0	10%	0 /100
3000m Buffer Green Score	44.4 /100

Parameter	1000m	3000m	Average (Final)
NDVI Mean	0.207	0.251	0.229
Vegetation %	52.3%	78.4%	65.3%
Dense Green %	0.4%	2.0%	1.2%
Barren %	6.4%	1.9%	4.1%
Tree Canopy %	0.3%	1.4%	0.9%
Green Score	32.4	44.4	38.4

Residents Say

Real opinions from people living in Sendari

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Pros & Cons

Pros

Safe drinking water

Developed roads & infrastructure

Low flood risk

Cons

Air quality needs improvement

Sanitation could be better

Limited nearby amenities

Noisy area

Limited green cover

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Formula

The Amenity Score for Sendari is calculated by averaging 11 category sub-scores:

                        Amenity Score = ( Σ Category Scores ) ÷ 11
                    

Per-Category Scoring

Each category scores 0-100 based on how many amenities are found within a specific radius:

Category	Search Radius	Max Count for 100	Points per Amenity	Formula
Hospitals (3km)	3km	10	10	`min(100, count × 10)`
Schools (3km)	3km	5	20	`min(100, count × 20)`
Markets (3km)	3km	3	33	`min(100, count × 33)`
Parks (3km)	3km	3	33	`min(100, count × 33)`
BRTS/Bus Stop (3km)	3km	2	50	`min(100, count × 50)`
Pharmacy (3km)	3km	5	20	`min(100, count × 20)`
Banks (3km)	3km	3	33	`min(100, count × 33)`
Restaurants (3km)	3km	5	20	`min(100, count × 20)`
Worship (3km)	3km	5	20	`min(100, count × 20)`
Transport Services (3km)	3km	3	33	`min(100, count × 33)`

Calculation for Sendari

Category	Found	Raw (count × pts)	Capped at 100
Hospitals (3km)	0	0 × 10 = 0	0
Schools (3km)	0	0 × 20 = 0	0
Markets (3km)	0	0 × 33 = 0	0
Parks (3km)	0	0 × 33 = 0	0
BRTS/Bus Stop (3km)	0	0 × 50 = 0	0
Pharmacy (3km)	0	0 × 20 = 0	0
Banks (3km)	0	0 × 33 = 0	0
Restaurants (3km)	0	0 × 20 = 0	0
Worship (3km)	0	0 × 20 = 0	0
Transport Services (3km)	0	0 × 33 = 0	0
Sum of all categories		0	0
Final Score = 0 ÷ 11			2.27/100

Data Source

Source: Google Places API (Nearby Search)
Method: Count amenities within specified radius of area center coordinates (lat: 22.0450000, lng: 82.1250000)
Categories queried: hospitals/clinics, schools/colleges, markets/supermarkets, parks, transit stations, pharmacies, banks/ATMs, restaurants/cafes, places of worship
Score range: 0 (no amenities) to 100 (all 10 categories at maximum)
Last updated: 01 Nov 2026, 12:00 AM

Overview

The Water Quality Score is a composite measure (0–100) derived from key drinking water parameters based on WHO/BIS standards and ground-truth data from the CWC Hot Spots Report 2022 (Central Water Commission).

Formula

Water Score = (TDS Score + pH Score + Supply Score + Fluoride Score) ÷ 4

Parameter Scoring Rules

Parameter	Condition	Score
TDS (mg/L)	≤ 300 ppm	100
	301 – 600 ppm	75
	601 – 900 ppm	50
	> 900 ppm	25
pH Level	6.5 – 8.5	100
	6.0 – 6.5 or 8.5 – 9.0	70
	< 6.0 or > 9.0	30
Water Supply	24 hrs/day	100
Water Supply	Less than 24 hrs	`(hours ÷ 24) × 100`
Fluoride	≤ 1.0 mg/L	100
	1.1 – 1.5 mg/L	60
	> 1.5 mg/L	20

Worked Example for Sendari

Parameter	Value	Score
TDS	360 ppm	75
pH Level	7.3	100
Supply	3 hrs/day	12
Fluoride	0.6 mg/L	100

Water Score = (75 + 100 + 12 + 100) ÷ 4 = 65/100

Data Source

Supply source: Borewell
Turbidity: 3.00 NTU (not included in composite score)
Data recorded: 01 Nov 2026

What is AQI?

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardised indicator (0–500) that communicates how polluted the air currently is. A lower AQI means cleaner air.

                        AQI = max( Sub-IndexPM2.5, Sub-IndexPM10, Sub-IndexNO₂, Sub-IndexSO₂, Sub-IndexCO, Sub-IndexO₃ )
                    

The overall AQI equals the highest sub-index among all measured pollutants. Each sub-index is calculated by linear interpolation between CPCB/EPA breakpoints for that pollutant's concentration.

AQI Categories (NAQI / CPCB Standard)

AQI Range	Category	Health Impact
0 – 50	Good	Minimal impact
51 – 100	Satisfactory	Minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people
101 – 200	Moderate	Breathing discomfort to people with lung/heart disease
201 – 300	Poor	Breathing discomfort on prolonged exposure
301 – 400	Very Poor	Respiratory illness on prolonged exposure
401 – 500	Severe	Affects healthy people; serious impact on those with existing diseases

Sub-Index Calculation

Each pollutant's sub-index is calculated using linear interpolation:

                        Ip = ( (IHi − ILo) / (BPHi − BPLo) ) × (Cp − BPLo) + ILo
                    

C_p = pollutant concentration (measured value)
BP_Hi / BP_Lo = concentration breakpoints ≥ and ≤ C_p
I_Hi / I_Lo = AQI breakpoints corresponding to BP_Hi and BP_Lo

CPCB Breakpoints (Key Pollutants)

AQI	PM2.5 (µg/m³) 24-hr avg	PM10 (µg/m³) 24-hr avg	NO₂ (µg/m³) 24-hr avg	SO₂ (µg/m³) 24-hr avg	CO (mg/m³) 8-hr avg	O₃ (µg/m³) 8-hr avg	NH₃ (µg/m³) 24-hr avg
Good (0–50)	0–30	0–50	0–40	0–40	0–1.0	0–50	0–200
Satisfactory (51–100)	31–60	51–100	41–80	41–80	1.1–2.0	51–100	201–400
Moderate (101–200)	61–90	101–250	81–180	81–380	2.1–10	101–168	401–800
Poor (201–300)	91–120	251–350	181–280	381–800	10.1–17	169–208	801–1200
Very Poor (301–400)	121–250	351–430	281–400	801–1600	17.1–34	209–748	1201–1800

Current Values for Sendari

Pollutant	Value	Unit	Category Impact
PM2.5	17.36	µg/m³	Good
PM10	51.72	µg/m³	Satisfactory
NO₂	24.31	µg/m³	Good
SO₂	7.57	µg/m³	Good
CO	0.33	mg/m³	Good
O₃	103.28	µg/m³	Moderate
NH₃	6.31	µg/m³	Good

Overall AQI = max of all sub-indices = 64 Satisfactory

AQI → Livability Report Conversion

AQI Range	Air Quality Score (for Livability)	Method
0 – 500	`max(0, 100 − AQI)`	Inverted: lower AQI = higher livability

For Sendari: Air Score = max(0, 100 − 64) = 36/100

Data Source

Source: Google Air Quality API (per-coordinate interpolated model)
Method: Combines satellite imagery, ground station data, weather models, and traffic patterns to provide hyper-local air quality estimates for each area's exact coordinates
Standard: India NAQI (National Air Quality Index) as primary, plus Universal AQI (UAQI)
Pollutants tracked: PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃, NH₃ (7 pollutants)
Coverage: Individual readings for all 125 areas — not extrapolated from a single station
Reading at: 02 Nov 2026, 11:25 AM

NDVI Formula

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measures vegetation health using satellite imagery:

                        NDVI = (NIR − Red) / (NIR + Red)
                    

NIR = Near-Infrared reflectance (Landsat 8/9 Band 5)
Red = Red light reflectance (Landsat 8/9 Band 4)
Range: −1 (water) to +1 (dense vegetation)

NDVI Interpretation

NDVI Range	Category	Description
< 0.0	Water	Water bodies, rivers, ponds
0.0 – 0.1	Barren	Bare soil, rock, sand, built-up areas
0.1 – 0.2	Sparse	Sparse vegetation, urban green, scattered shrubs
0.2 – 0.4	Moderate	Grassland, cropland, gardens, roadside trees
0.4 – 0.6	Dense	Dense parks, plantation, forest patches
> 0.6	Very Dense	Closed canopy forest, dense tropical vegetation

Green Cover Score Formula

                        Green Score = 

                            40% × NDVI Mean Score (0.0→0, 0.5→100)

                        + 30% × Vegetation Coverage % (pixels NDVI > 0.2)

                        + 20% × Dense Green % (pixels NDVI > 0.4, scaled 0-50%→0-100)

                        + 10% × Parks Score (0→0, 1→33, 2→66, 3+→100)

Calculation for Sendari

Component	Raw Value	Sub-Score	Weight	Contribution
NDVI Mean	0.229	45.8/100	40%	18.32
Vegetation Coverage	65.3%	65.3/100	30%	19.59
Dense Green Cover	1.2%	2.5/100	20%	0.5
Parks within 500m	0	0/100	10%	0
Green Cover Score				38.4/100

Methodology

Satellite: Landsat 8/9 OLI — 30m spatial resolution
Processing: Median composite of cloud-filtered scenes (<20% cloud cover), last 12 months
Buffer: Avg (1000m + 3000m)m radius from area center coordinates
Method: ee.Image.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']) — per GEE Tutorial
Source: Average of 1000m and 3000m buffer analysis
Date: 02 Nov 2026

What is the Quiet Score?

The Quiet Score measures how quiet and peaceful an area is, on a scale of 0 to 100. A higher score means a quieter, more livable area — better for living, sleeping, and overall well-being. It blends proximity to noise sources with the estimated day/night dB levels and applies an extra penalty when CPCB limits are exceeded.

Scoring Formula

                    Quiet Score = (Source Score × 0.65) + (Measured Noise Score × 0.35)

                                 − Day Limit Penalty − Night Limit Penalty

Parameter Breakdown

Parameter	Weight	How It's Scored
Source Score	65%	Built from highway proximity, industrial proximity, railway proximity, highway density, and industrial density. Farther / fewer sources increase the score.
Measured Noise Score	35%	Estimated daytime and nighttime dB are translated into comfort bands. Night noise carries more weight because sleep disturbance matters more.
Day Limit Penalty	Dynamic	Each dB above the CPCB daytime limit reduces the final score.
Night Limit Penalty	Dynamic	Each dB above the CPCB nighttime limit reduces the score more aggressively than daytime exceedance.

How Noise Levels are Estimated

Daytime and nighttime noise levels (dB) are estimated using the FHWA Traffic Noise Model (simplified). The model calculates noise attenuation based on distance:

                    L(d) = L₀ - 20 × log₁₀(d / d₀)

                    Where L₀ is source noise at reference distance d₀

Source	Reference Level	At 100m	At 500m	At 1000m
Major Highway	78 dB @ 10m	58 dB	44 dB	38 dB
Industrial Zone	70 dB @ 50m	64 dB	50 dB	44 dB
Railway (Leq)	60 dB @ 25m	48 dB	34 dB	28 dB
Airport	75 dB @ 1km	—	81 dB	75 dB

Nighttime noise is estimated to be 5–10 dB lower than daytime (reduced traffic, no industrial operations). Multiple sources are combined using logarithmic addition.

CPCB Noise Standards (India)

The Central Pollution Control Board classifies areas into 4 noise zones with specific limits:

Zone	Day Limit	Night Limit	Typical Areas
Industrial	75 dB	70 dB	Factory areas, manufacturing hubs (Siltara, Urla)
Commercial	65 dB	55 dB	Markets, commercial zones (Pandri, Malviya Road)
Residential	55 dB	45 dB	Housing colonies, wards (Shankar Nagar, Tatibandh)
Silence	50 dB	40 dB	Near hospitals, schools, courts (within 100m)

Score Interpretation

Score Range	Rating	What It Means
80–100	Excellent	Very quiet, far from all noise sources — ideal for families and health-conscious residents
60–79	Good	Generally peaceful with minimal noise intrusion — suitable for comfortable living
40–59	Moderate	Some noise from traffic or industrial areas — consider soundproofing improvements
20–39	Below Average	Noticeable noise pollution — may affect sleep quality and daily comfort
0–19	Poor	High noise exposure — health risks from prolonged exposure (stress, hearing, cardiovascular)

Worked Example

Example: An area with highways 800m away, 3 highways in 2km, industrial zone 1200m away, 1 industrial zone, railway 1500m away, day noise 58 dB, night noise 50 dB

Source Score: 57.3 from proximity + density inputs
Measured Noise Score: day comfort + night comfort = 67.0
CPCB Penalties: day exceedance 0, night exceedance 20.0

Total Quiet Score = (57.3 × 0.65) + (67.0 × 0.35) − 20.0 = 40.2/100
Moderate-to-noisy areas drop sharply once nighttime limits are breached.

Data Sources

OpenStreetMap (via Overpass API) — highway, industrial, and railway proximity data
FHWA Traffic Noise Model — simplified noise attenuation estimation
CPCB Noise Rules, 2000 — ambient noise standards for Indian cities
WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines (2018) — health-based recommended limits

What is the Sanitation Score?

The Sanitation Score measures the quality and coverage of sanitation infrastructure in an area, on a scale of 0 to 100. A higher score means better sewage treatment, drainage, waste collection, and open-defecation-free (ODF) compliance — all critical for public health and livability.

Scoring Formula

                    Sanitation Score = (ODF Status × 0.20) + (Sewage Treatment Coverage × 0.30)

                                   + (Drainage Coverage × 0.25) + (Waste Collection × 0.15)

                                   + (Sewage Disposal Method × 0.10)

Parameter Breakdown

Parameter	Weight	How It's Scored
ODF Status	20%	ODF++ = 100, ODF+ = 70, ODF = 40. Based on SBM Urban certification level. ODF++ means no open defecation plus solid & liquid waste management.
Sewage Treatment Coverage	30%	Direct percentage value (0–100%). Measures the proportion of area connected to sewage treatment plants (STPs). Higher coverage means less untreated sewage discharge.
Drainage Coverage	25%	Direct percentage value (0–100%). Measures the extent of paved/covered storm-water drains. Better drainage prevents waterlogging and disease vectors.
Waste Collection	15%	Daily (2x) = 100, Daily = 80, Alternate Day = 50. Reflects frequency and reliability of door-to-door waste collection by the municipal body.
Sewage Disposal Method	10%	Centralized STP = 100, STP Connected = 80, Septic Tank = 50, Open Drain = 10. Measures how responsibly sewage effluent is handled before discharge.

ODF Certification Levels (SBM Urban)

The Swachh Bharat Mission Urban uses a three-tier ODF certification framework:

Level	Criteria	Score
ODF++	No open defecation + all sewage/septage safely treated + proper fecal sludge management	100
ODF+	No open defecation + no untreated sewage/septage discharged into water bodies/open drains	70
ODF	No open defecation — all households have access to toilets and use them	40

Score Interpretation

Score Range	Rating	What It Means
80–100	Excellent	Comprehensive sanitation coverage — ODF++ certified, high sewage treatment, reliable waste collection
60–79	Good	Good infrastructure with room for improvement — most areas connected to STPs, daily waste collection
40–59	Moderate	Basic sanitation in place but gaps in coverage — some open drains, partial sewage treatment
20–39	Below Average	Significant gaps in sanitation — poor drainage, infrequent waste collection, septic-tank-dependent
0–19	Poor	Severe sanitation deficits — open defecation areas, untreated sewage discharge, disease risk

Worked Example

Example: An area with ODF+ status, 72% sewage treatment, 85% drainage, daily waste collection, STP Connected

ODF Status: ODF+ = 70 → × 0.20 = 14.0
Sewage Treatment: 72% → × 0.30 = 21.6
Drainage Coverage: 85% → × 0.25 = 21.25
Waste Collection: Daily = 80 → × 0.15 = 12.0
Sewage Disposal: STP Connected = 80 → × 0.10 = 8.0

Total Sanitation Score = 14.0 + 21.6 + 21.25 + 12.0 + 8.0 = 76.85/100 (Good — well-developed sanitation infrastructure)

Why Sanitation Matters for Health

Waterborne diseases — Poor sanitation increases risk of cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A
Vector-borne diseases — Stagnant water from poor drainage breeds mosquitoes (dengue, malaria)
Child mortality — WHO reports that improved sanitation reduces diarrheal deaths by 36%
Groundwater contamination — Open drains and septic tank leakage pollute drinking water sources

Data Sources

AMRUT SLIP — Service Level Improvement Plan for sanitation benchmarks
SBM Urban Portal — Swachh Bharat Mission ODF certification data
NGT Reports — National Green Tribunal compliance monitoring

The Flood Risk Score measures an area's vulnerability to river flooding and urban waterlogging. Lower score = safer area.

Parameters & Weights

Parameter	Weight	Description	Risk → Score
River Flood Risk	50%	Proximity to rivers (Kharun, Pairy, Seonath) and flood history	Low = 10, Low-Medium = 25, Medium = 40, High = 70, Very High = 85
Urban Waterlogging	50%	Storm-water drainage adequacy and monsoon waterlogging history	Low = 10, Low-Medium = 25, Medium = 40, High = 70, Very High = 85

Formula

Risk Score = (River Flood × 50%) + (Waterlogging × 50%)
Flood Safety Score = 100 − Risk Score

Risk Level	Risk Score	Safety Score (shown)
🟢 Low	10	90
🟢 Low-Medium	25	75
🟡 Medium	40	60
🔴 High	70	30
🔴 Very High	85	15

Inverted Livability Score

Risk is "lower = better", but the livability card and composite use "higher = better", so the score is inverted:
Livability Flood Score = 100 − Flood Risk Score
For Sendari: 100 − 27.5 = 72.5/100

What This Means for Home Buyers

Score ≤ 20 — Safe zone. Minimal flood risk, standard construction sufficient.
Score 21-40 — Moderate risk. Check monsoon waterlogging history before buying.
Score 41-60 — At risk. Consider elevated construction, flood insurance, basement waterproofing.
Score >60 — High risk. River flooding possible. Verify RERA flood disclosure and avoid ground floor investment.

Data Sources

NDMA — National Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster Management Plan
ThinkHazard — World Bank global hazard assessment for Bilaspur district
CGWB — Central Ground Water Board, Bilaspur district hydrogeological report

The Livability Report is a single number (0–100) that represents the overall quality of life in a neighbourhood. It is the simple average of all available sub-scores.

Formula

Livability Report = Average of all available sub-scores

Each sub-score is converted to a 0–100 scale where higher = better for livability:
• Standard parameters (Water, Sanitation, Amenities, Green Cover, Quiet Score, Infrastructure, Surface Temperature, Open Area, Night Lights, Water Bodies, Population Density, Groundwater) → used directly
• Air Quality → 100 − AQI (lower AQI = better air = higher score)
• Flood Risk → 100 − flood_risk_score (lower risk = safer = higher score)
• Earthquake Risk → 100 − earthquake_score (lower risk = safer = higher score)
• Waterlogging → 100 − waterlogging score (less waterlogging-prone = higher score)
• Risk Factors → 100 − overall risk score (fewer nearby hazards = higher score)

Sub-Scores Used

#	Parameter	Source	Conversion for Composite
1	Air Quality	Google AQI / AQICN	`100 − AQI` (AQI 41 → 59)
2	Water Quality	BIS IS-10500 parameters	Direct (0–100)
3	Sanitation	RMC/NRANVP sanitation data	Direct (0–100)
4	Amenities	Google Places API	Direct (0–100)
5	Quiet Score	Noise level analysis	Direct (0–100)
6	Green Cover	NDVI satellite analysis	Direct (0–100)
7	Flood Risk	NDMA/ThinkHazard	`100 − score` (risk 10 → 90)
8	Earthquake Risk	BIS IS-1893/NDMA	`100 − score` (risk 10 → 90)
9	Infrastructure	Satellite & OSM infrastructure analysis	Direct (0–100)
10	Surface Temperature	Landsat land surface temperature	Direct (0–100, cooler = higher)
11	Open Area	Built-up density (satellite)	Direct (0–100, more open = higher)
12	Night Lights	VIIRS night-time radiance	Direct (0–100)
13	Water Bodies	Satellite surface-water mapping	Direct (0–100)
14	Population Density	WorldPop / satellite population grid	Direct (0–100)
15	Groundwater	TerraClimate (Earth Engine)	Direct (0–100)
16	Waterlogging	Terrain & SAR grid analysis (Raipur & Nava Raipur)	`100 − score` (score 49 → 51)
17	Risk Factors	Mapped hazards: water bodies, landfills, airports, field-surveyed risks	`100 − score` (risk 72 → 28)

Only parameters with available data are averaged — NULL values are skipped, not treated as zero. For example, Waterlogging is included only for areas that have waterlogging data, so the number of parameters can differ between areas.

Worked Example

Example: An area with AQI 41, Water 75, Sanitation 62, Amenity 38, Quiet 37, Green 20, Flood Risk 55, Earthquake 10, Waterlogging 49, Risk Factors 72 (other parameters not available)

Air: 100 − 41 = 59
Water: 75
Sanitation: 62
Amenity: 38
Quiet: 37
Green: 20
Flood: 100 − 55 = 45
Earthquake: 100 − 10 = 90
Waterlogging: 100 − 49 = 51
Risk Factors: 100 − 72 = 28

Composite = (59 + 75 + 62 + 38 + 37 + 20 + 45 + 90 + 51 + 28) ÷ 10 = 50.5/100 → Grade C

Grade System

Grade	Score Range	Meaning	Recommendation
A	80–100	Excellent livability	Top-tier neighbourhood. Premium pricing justified. Ideal for families.
B	60–79	Good livability	Well-served area. Good balance of infrastructure and environment. Recommended for most buyers.
C	40–59	Average livability	Some gaps in amenities or environment. Check specific weak parameters before deciding.
D	20–39	Below average	Significant gaps. Suitable only if specific advantages (price, location) outweigh livability concerns.
F	0–19	Poor livability	Major livability issues. Not recommended for residential investment without significant improvement plans.

What Does the Score Mean for You?

Home Buyers — Use the score to compare neighbourhoods objectively. A higher score means better air, water, safety, amenities, and environment.
Renters — Check if the area's livability matches the rent being asked. A Grade C area should not command Grade A pricing.
Investors — Areas with improving scores (check the trend chart) may see property appreciation. Grade B areas with rising scores are sweet spots.
Families with Children — Pay special attention to Air Quality, Green Cover, and Amenities (schools, hospitals) sub-scores.
Senior Citizens — Quiet Score, Air Quality, and nearby hospital access (Amenities) are most relevant.

Important Notes

The composite score uses an equal-weight average — all parameters contribute equally.
Risk parameters (Flood, Earthquake) are inverted before averaging so that lower risk = higher livability contribution.
If a sub-score is unavailable (e.g., Infrastructure), it is excluded from the average, not treated as zero.
Scores are recalculated whenever new data becomes available. Check the trend chart for historical movement.
The score reflects current conditions — an area under rapid development may see score changes over time.

The Earthquake Risk Score measures an area's seismic vulnerability based on soil type and amplification potential. Lower score = safer area.

BIS Seismic Zone

Bilaspur District = BIS Seismic Zone II (Lowest hazard zone in India, Zone Factor = 0.10g)
India has 4 seismic zones (II–V). Zone II covers the Deccan Plateau and central India — historically the least seismically active region.

Why Soil Type is the Differentiator

Since all of Bilaspur is uniformly Zone II, the only meaningful differentiator is soil type. Soft, saturated, or filled soils amplify distant earthquake shaking more than hard alluvial or laterite soils. This is called site amplification effect per IS 1893.

Score Formula

Risk Score = Soil-based raw risk (1–5) mapped to 0–100 scale
Earthquake Safety Score = 100 − Risk Score

Raw Score	Risk Score	Safety Score (shown)	Soil Type	Risk Level
1/5	10	90	Hard alluvial / laterite / rock	🟢 Low
2/5	25	75	Soft alluvial / fill / saturated riverine	🟡 Low-Medium
3/5	45	55	Mixed weak soil	🟠 Medium
4/5	65	35	Very soft / liquefiable	🔴 High
5/5	85	15	Extreme soft / reclaimed	🔴 Very High

Inverted Livability Score

Risk is "lower = better", but the livability card and composite use "higher = better", so the score is inverted:
Livability Earthquake Score = 100 − Earthquake Risk Score
For Sendari: Raw 1/5 → Risk 10 → 100 − 10 = 90/100

What This Means for Home Buyers

Score 10 (Low) — Safest. Hard soil, standard IS 1893 Zone II construction norms sufficient. No special foundation needed.
Score 25 (Low-Medium) — Minor amplification possible due to soft/fill/riverine soil. Soil investigation recommended for buildings >3 storeys.
Overall — Bilaspur is among the safest cities in India for earthquake risk.

Data Sources

BIS IS-1893 — Bureau of Indian Standards, Indian Standard for Earthquake Resistant Design
NDMA DDMP — National Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster Management Plan
ThinkHazard — World Bank global seismic hazard assessment
asc-india.org — PGA hazard contour data for Indian cities
CGWB — Central Ground Water Board soil/geology data

The Land Surface Temperature (LST) Score measures the thermal comfort of an area from satellite data. Lower surface temperature = higher score (better livability).

Data Source

Landsat 8/9 Collection 2 Level 2 — Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), Band 10
Resolution: 30 metres per pixel
Processing: Surface temperature derived from thermal radiance after atmospheric correction by USGS.
Two buffer radii analysed: 1000m and 3000m around each area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

LST Score = max(0, min(100, ((45 - mean_temp) / 25) × 100))

Mean LST (°C)	Score	Category
≤ 20°C	100	❄️ Cool — Perfect
25°C	80	🌤️ Comfortable
30°C	60	🌤️ Moderate
35°C	40	☀️ Warm
40°C	20	🔥 Hot
≥ 45°C	0	🔥 Extreme Heat

Why LST Matters for Livability

Urban Heat Island Effect — Dense built-up areas with concrete/asphalt absorb and re-radiate heat, raising surface temperatures by 3-8°C compared to green areas.
Energy Costs — Higher LST areas require more air-conditioning, increasing electricity bills and carbon footprint.
Health Impact — Prolonged heat exposure increases risk of heat stroke, dehydration, and respiratory problems.
Thermal Comfort — Areas near water bodies, parks, and tree cover have significantly lower LST, improving outdoor comfort.

Data Sources

Landsat 8/9 C2 L2 — USGS/NASA satellite thermal infrared imagery
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing platform for satellite data analysis
Buffer Analysis — 1000m + 3000m radius averaged for balanced local + neighbourhood assessment

The Open Area Score measures the percentage of non-built-up land — open spaces, parks, vegetation and room to breathe. Higher open space percentage = higher score.

Data Source

ESA WorldCover 2021 — European Space Agency global land cover map
Resolution: 10 metres per pixel (highest-resolution freely available global land cover)
Classification: Uses Sentinel-1 (radar) + Sentinel-2 (optical) to classify every pixel as built-up or non-built-up.
Two buffer radii: 1000m and 3000m around each area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

Open Area Score = 100 - builtup_percentage

Open Space %	Built-up %	Score	Category
90-100%	0-10%	90-100	🌳 Spacious
70-90%	10-30%	70-90	🏡 Very Open
50-70%	30-50%	50-70	🏘️ Moderate
30-50%	50-70%	30-50	🏙️ Limited
10-30%	70-90%	10-30	🏗️ Very Limited
0-10%	90-100%	0-10	🏢 Extremely Dense

Why Open Area Matters

Urban Heat — Open spaces with vegetation help cool the environment and reduce the Urban Heat Island effect.
Rainwater Drainage — More open land allows natural percolation, reducing waterlogging during monsoons.
Green Space Access — Areas with more open space typically have parks, gardens, and tree-lined roads.
Air Quality — Open areas allow better wind circulation and more trees for natural air filtration.
Quality of Life — Open spaces reduce stress, encourage physical activity, and improve mental well-being.

Data Sources

ESA WorldCover 2021 — 10m resolution global land use/land cover (Class 50 = Built-up)
Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2 — ESA Copernicus satellite constellation
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area-wise statistics

The Nighttime Lights (NTL) Score measures urban illumination intensity as a proxy for infrastructure quality and economic activity. Higher radiance = higher score (better infrastructure).

Data Source

VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) Monthly Composites — NOAA/NASA Suomi NPP satellite
Resolution: ~500 metres per pixel
Measurement: Average radiance in nanoWatts/cm²/sr (steradian) — stray light and aurora removed.
Two buffer radii: 1000m and 3000m around each area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

NTL Score = min(100, (avg_radiance / 50) × 100)

Avg Radiance (nW/cm²/sr)	Score	Category
0-5	0-10	🌑 Dark — Minimal infrastructure
5-15	10-30	🌙 Dim — Rural/developing
15-25	30-50	🔆 Moderate — Residential
25-35	50-70	💡 Bright — Active commercial
35-50	70-100	💡 Very Bright — Major hub
≥ 50	100	💡 Maximum — City centre

Why Nighttime Lights Matter

Street Lighting & Safety — Well-lit areas correlate with lower crime rates and safer night-time movement for pedestrians.
Economic Activity — NTL is a well-established proxy for GDP and commercial vitality in urban economics research.
Power Infrastructure — Consistent brightness indicates reliable electricity supply and fewer outages.
Development Level — Brighter areas typically have better roads, healthcare, education, and public services.
Property Value Correlation — Research shows strong positive correlation between NTL intensity and real estate values.

Data Sources

VIIRS DNB — NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Day/Night Band
EOG/MINES — Earth Observation Group, Colorado School of Mines monthly composites
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area statistics

The Water Bodies Score measures the presence of surface water (lakes, ponds, rivers, reservoirs) in and around an area. More water bodies = higher score (better livability).

Data Source

JRC Global Surface Water v1.4 — European Commission Joint Research Centre
Resolution: 30 metres per pixel
Coverage: Maps every water body on Earth from 1984-2021 using 4.7 million Landsat scenes.
Classifies water as permanent (water >75% of time) or seasonal (wet periodically).
Two buffer radii: 1000m and 3000m around each area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

Permanent Score = min(100, (permanent_water_pct / 10) × 100)
Seasonal Score = min(100, (seasonal_water_pct / 15) × 100)
Water Score = (Permanent × 0.7) + (Seasonal × 0.3)

Permanent Water %	Approx Score	Category
0%	0	🏜️ No water bodies
0.1-1%	7-10	💦 Minimal
1-3%	10-30	💧 Some water
3-5%	30-50	💧 Moderate
5-10%	50-100	🌊 Significant water
≥ 10%	100	🌊 Maximum — Lakefront

Why Water Bodies Matter

Urban Cooling — Water bodies reduce ambient temperature by 2-5°C through evaporative cooling ("lake breeze" effect).
Biodiversity — Lakes and ponds support ecosystems — birds, fish, aquatic plants — enriching neighbourhood ecology.
Mental Health — Proximity to water ("blue space") is linked to reduced stress, anxiety, and improved well-being in studies.
Recreation — Lakefronts provide walking trails, boating, fishing, and scenic beauty that enhance quality of life.
Groundwater Recharge — Natural water bodies help maintain water table levels and reduce dependence on borewells.
Property Value — Waterfront and lake-view properties command 15-40% premium in Indian real estate markets.

Data Sources

JRC Global Surface Water v1.4 — EU Joint Research Centre, Pekel et al. (2016), Nature
Landsat Archive — 38 years of satellite observations (1984-2021)
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area statistics

The Population Density Score measures how crowded a neighbourhood is based on gridded population estimates. Lower density = higher score (less congestion, more space).

Data Source

WorldPop Global Project Population Data 2020
Resolution: 100 metres per pixel (~1 hectare)
Method: Census data disaggregated to grid cells using machine learning and satellite imagery (building footprints, land use, nighttime lights).
Measurement: People per pixel → aggregated to people/km² within buffer.
Two buffer radii: 1000m and 3000m around each area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

Pop Density Score = max(0, ((20000 - density_per_km²) / 20000) × 100)

Density (people/km²)	Score	Category
0-2,000	90-100	🏡 Low Density — Spacious
2,000-5,000	75-90	🏡 Moderate-Low
5,000-8,000	60-75	🏘️ Moderate
8,000-12,000	40-60	🏙️ Dense
12,000-18,000	10-40	🏢 Very Dense
≥ 20,000	0	🏢 Extremely Dense

Why Population Density Matters

Congestion — Higher density means more traffic, longer commutes, crowded markets, and strained public transport.
Infrastructure Strain — Water supply, sewerage, electricity, and waste management struggle in very dense areas.
Air & Noise Quality — Dense areas have more vehicles, construction, and commercial activity contributing to pollution.
Green Space Per Capita — WHO recommends 9 m²/person of green space — dense areas rarely meet this benchmark.
Disease Spread — COVID-19 and other infectious diseases spread faster in high-density neighbourhoods.
Living Space — Lower density areas typically offer larger homes, better ventilation, and more privacy.

Data Sources

WorldPop — University of Southampton, constrained individual countries 2020 (100m resolution)
Census of India 2011 — Base population data disaggregated via random forest model
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area-wise aggregation

The Groundwater Score evaluates underground water balance and recharge conditions using high-resolution satellite-derived climate data. Higher soil moisture, positive recharge, and wetter PDSI = higher score.

Data Source

TerraClimate — University of Idaho (IDAHO_EPSCOR/TERRACLIMATE)
Resolution: 1/24° × 1/24° (~4.6 km) — area-level differentiation
Variables: soil (Soil Moisture, mm), pr (Precipitation, mm), aet (Actual ET, mm), ro (Runoff, mm), pdsi (Palmer Drought Severity Index)
Period: 2024 for current state, 2021 vs 2024 for trend analysis.
Two buffer radii assessed: 1000m and 3000m, then averaged.
Derived: GW Recharge = Precipitation − Actual ET − Runoff

Score Formula

Parameter	Weight	Scoring Range
Soil Moisture (mm)	30%	0 = 0, 200+ = 100
GW Recharge (mm/yr)	25%	−200 = 0, +400 = 100
PDSI (drought index)	20%	−4 = 0, +4 = 100
SM Trend (mm change)	15%	−50 = 0, +50 = 100
Precipitation (mm/yr)	10%	800 = 0, 1800 = 100

Score = (SM×0.30) + (Recharge×0.25) + (PDSI×0.20) + (Trend×0.15) + (Precip×0.10)

Why Groundwater Matters

Borewell Reliability — Areas with higher soil moisture and positive recharge support more reliable borewells for drinking water.
Water Security — Groundwater recharge ensures a critical backup during dry seasons when surface water is scarce.
Drought Resilience — PDSI indicates whether an area is prone to drought conditions that lower water tables.
Agricultural Impact — Declining soil moisture and negative recharge affect local food production and costs.
Ecosystem Health — Groundwater feeds rivers, lakes, and wetlands — depletion affects local ecology.

Data Sources

TerraClimate — University of Idaho, ~4.6 km monthly resolution (1958–present)
CGWB Reports — Central Ground Water Board, Raipur District (reference)
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area-wise aggregation

The Risk Factor Score evaluates ground-level risks that affect livability — environmental hazards, drainage issues, pollution sources, infrastructure gaps, zoning problems, safety concerns, and more. Lower score = fewer risks = safer area.

Data Source

Field Survey 2024 — On-ground verification by GreaterRaipur team
Municipal Records — RMC/NRANVP official risk data, ward-level reports
Google Maps + OSM — Location verification and distance measurement
Each risk factor is geolocated and linked to the nearest area with distance from centroid.

9 Risk Categories Assessed

Category	What's Checked
Environmental Hazards	Landfills, open drains, garbage dumps, sewage overflow, industrial waste
Water & Drainage	Waterlogging zones, flood-prone areas, contaminated wells, blocked drainage
Air Pollution Sources	Industrial zones, brick kilns, heavy traffic corridors, crematoriums, quarries
Infrastructure Stress	Power outage zones, poor roads, unlit areas, no sewerage, water supply gaps
Land & Zoning Risks	HT power lines, pipelines, unauthorised colonies, disputed land, zoning changes
Safety & Social	Crime clusters, abandoned areas, encroachment zones
Future Threats	Land acquisition notices, planned industrial corridors, highway widening
Health & Nuisance	Slaughterhouses, tanneries, poultry farms, stagnant water, noise sources
Accessibility Risks	Far from emergency services, monsoon cutoff zones, no public transit

Score Formula

Each risk factor has a severity weight:

Severity	Weight	Example
Low	5	Minor nuisance, far away
Medium	12	Moderate impact within area
High	20	Significant hazard nearby
Critical	25	Severe, immediate proximity

Category Score = Sum of severity weights for all identified risks (capped at 100)
Overall Score = Average of all 9 category scores
0 = No risks found (safest). Higher = more risk factors identified.

Why Risk Factors Matter

Property Value — Proximity to hazards (landfills, HT lines, flood zones) directly affects property resale and rental value.
Health Impact — Environmental and pollution risks affect long-term health of residents.
Infrastructure Reliability — Power outages, water supply gaps, and poor roads affect daily quality of life.
Legal Risks — Unauthorised colonies, disputed land, and zoning changes can cause legal complications.
Future Planning — Upcoming highway widening, industrial corridors, or land acquisition may impact your area.

Risk Scale

🟢 0–10 — Very Safe 🟢 10–25 — Low Risk 🟡 25–45 — Moderate 🟠 45–65 — High Risk 🔴 65–100 — Critical

Data Sources

GreaterRaipur Field Survey — On-ground risk identification and verification (2024)
RMC / NRANVP — Municipal hazard records, ward-level drainage and infrastructure reports
Google Maps + OpenStreetMap — Location verification and proximity calculation

The Infrastructure Score evaluates urban development quality using 9 satellite datasets — assessing built-up density, building heights, nighttime illumination, road surfaces, terrain, greenery, and urbanization level. Higher score = better infrastructure.

Data Source

Google Earth Engine — Multi-dataset satellite analysis
Datasets: ESA WorldCover (10m land use), GHSL Built Surface/Height/Volume/SMOD (building metrics), VIIRS Nighttime Lights (electrification), Dynamic World (impervious surface), ALOS DEM (terrain slope), Sentinel-2 (vegetation indices)
Two buffer radii assessed: 1000m and 3000m around area centroid, then averaged.

Score Formula

Parameter	Weight	Scoring Logic
Urbanization Index (SMOD)	20%	Direct 0–100 scale from GHSL SMOD
Built-up Density (ESA)	15%	Optimal 30–60%; 0%=0, 60%=100, >60% declines
Nighttime Light Stability	15%	Stability index × 100 (proxy for reliable power)
Avg Building Height (GHSL)	10%	0m=0, 10m=100 (taller = better vertical infra)
Impervious Surface %	10%	Optimal 10–40%; >40% declines (roads/concrete)
Nighttime Radiance (VIIRS)	10%	0=0, 50 nW/cm²/sr=100 (electrification proxy)
Terrain Slope (ALOS DEM)	10%	Flat=100, steep declines (road-building ease)
Green Cover (Tree+Grass)	10%	0%=0, 30%=100 (livability greenery balance)

Score = Weighted average of available parameters (NULL values excluded)

Why Infrastructure Matters

Daily Connectivity — Roads, power, and built-up density directly affect commute quality and access to services.
Property Value — Well-developed infrastructure correlates with higher property appreciation and rental yields.
Power Reliability — Nighttime light stability indicates consistent electricity supply, critical for residential comfort.
Vertical Growth — Building height reflects planned vertical development vs low-rise sprawl.
Green Balance — Good infrastructure includes tree cover and green spaces, not just concrete.

Data Sources

ESA WorldCover 2021 — 10m land use/land cover classification
GHSL (EC JRC) — Built Surface, Height, Volume, Settlement Model Grid
VIIRS DNB — Monthly nighttime lights composite (NASA/NOAA)
Dynamic World — Near real-time 10m land use (Google/WRI)
ALOS World 3D DEM — 30m terrain elevation (JAXA)
Google Earth Engine — Cloud processing for area-wise aggregation

What is the Walkability Score?

The Walkability Score measures how pedestrian-friendly an area is based on the presence and quality of walking infrastructure, road safety features, street lighting, and road surface quality. Scored on a 0–100 scale (higher = more walkable).

                        Walkability = Ped. Infra × 0.30 + Road Safety × 0.25 + Lighting × 0.20 + Road Quality × 0.25
                    

Each sub-score is individually normalised to 0–100 using capped counts, then the weighted sum produces the final score. This is a special experimental parameter not included in the composite livability score.

Sub-Score Breakdown

Sub-Score	Weight	Components	Normalisation
Pedestrian Infrastructure	30%	Sidewalks (25%) — cap: 20 Pedestrian Zones (20%) — cap: 3 Footpaths (20%) — cap: 15 Crossings (20%) — cap: 10 Cycle Paths (15%) — cap: 5	min(count / cap × 100, 100)
Road Safety	25%	Traffic Signals (40%) — cap: 8 Speed Bumps (20%) — cap: 5 Lit Roads (40%) — cap: 15	min(count / cap × 100, 100)
Street Lighting	20%	Street Lamps — cap: 30 Lit Roads (fallback at 70%)	max(lamp_score, lit_road_score × 0.7)
Road Quality	25%	Paved vs. Unpaved roads ratio	paved / (paved + unpaved) × 100

Score Interpretation

Score Range	Rating	Meaning
80 – 100	Excellent	Highly walkable with complete pedestrian infrastructure
60 – 79	Good	Good walking conditions with minor gaps
40 – 59	Moderate	Basic walkability — some infrastructure missing
0 – 39	Poor	Limited walkability — significant infrastructure gaps

Data Source

OpenStreetMap (Overpass API)

All walkability infrastructure data is sourced from OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API. Features like sidewalks, pedestrian zones, crosswalks, traffic signals, street lamps, and road surface tags are queried within each area's geographic boundary.

Nearby RERA-Registered Projects

CG-RERA registered projects near Sendari

View all in Project IQ

Filter: Within 2 km 2-4 km

#	Project	RERA No.	Status	Completion	Distance
1	shri krishna thok bazar Bilha	PCGRERA260721001235	New	100%	0.19 km	View
2	Shree krishna thok bazar phase-II Bilaspur	PCGRERA120723001651	New	100%	0.26 km	View
3	CITY LAND Bilha	PCGRERA200919001046	New	2%	0.68 km	View
4	bilaspur textile market Bilaspur	PCGRERA040719001008	New	58%	0.8 km	View
5	SHREE RAM ALLIANCE Bilaspur	PCGRERA021118000833	Ongoing	95%	0.95 km	View
6	construction of 111 no.under general scheme phase -2 at abhilasha parisar tifra sirgitti. bilaspur Bilaspur	PCGRERA180422001411	New	84%	0.98 km	View
7	Bilaspur textile market phase-2 Bilaspur	PCGRERA030821001240	New	60%	1 km	View
8	sky life phase- i Bilaspur	PCGRERA040718000450	Ongoing	100%	1.02 km	View
9	rama world phase -i Bilaspur	PCGRERA050718000463	Ongoing	99%	1.07 km	View
10	SAURABH ENCLAVE Bilaspur	PCGRERA250119000905	New	95%	1.08 km	View
11	rama world phase- ii Bilaspur	PCGRERA040718000443	Ongoing	100%	1.08 km	View
12	MAHIMA PLAZA Bilaspur	PCGRERA060919001034	New	0%	1.16 km	View
13	rama world phase -iii Bilaspur	PCGRERA040718000457	Ongoing	100%	1.23 km	View
14	rama valley premium Bilaspur	PCGRERA250522001427	New	100%	1.42 km	View
15	RAMA WORLD PROJECT PHASE -4 Bilaspur	PCGRERA030222001330	New	75%	1.51 km	View
16	RAMA VALLEY PHASE-vi Bilha	PCGRERA060122001315	New	100%	1.58 km	View
17	rama valley phase - vii Bilaspur	PCGRERA250522001428	New	100%	1.58 km	View
18	SOLITAIRE Bilaspur	PCGRERA090425001906	New	23%	1.6 km	View
19	SHEELA HEIGHTS Bilha	PCGRERA070618000083	New	100%	1.62 km	View
20	SOLITAIRE Bodri	PCGRERA090525001923	New	22%	1.82 km	View
21	PRIME RESIDENCY Bilaspur	PCGRERA260723001653	New	100%	2.07 km	View
22	bilaspur trade cnter Bilaspur	PCGRERA290722001483	New	52%	2.13 km	View
23	SAI VIHAR Bilaspur	PCGRERA280919001052	New	100%	2.3 km	View
24	geetanjali era phase -2 Bilha	PCGRERA170222001342	New	100%	2.46 km	View
25	FORTUNE ELEMENTS Bilha	PCGRERA070723001649	New	40%	2.52 km	View
26	SAMRIDDHI Bilha	PCGRERA240719001014	New	100%	2.54 km	View
27	geetanjali era Bilha	PCGRERA120321001210	New	90%	2.57 km	View
28	Geetanjali ERA Phase-III Bilaspur	PCGRERA240223001609	New	100%	2.61 km	View
29	BILASPUR SAHAKARI GRIH NIRMAN SAMITI Bilaspur	PCGRERA130319000940	New	100%	2.71 km	View
30	Geetanjali Era Phase-IV Bilaspur	PCGRERA120124001718	New	50%	2.81 km	View
31	Aishwaryam Bodri	PCGRERA220824001808	New	40%	2.9 km	View
32	FORTUNE ELEMENTS BILASPUR Bodri	PCGRERA270426002089	Ongoing	50%	3.02 km	View
33	sunflower villA PHASE -3 Bilha	PCGRERA010220001087	New	100%	3.15 km	View
34	PARK AVENUE Bilaspur	PCGRERA240719001013	Ongoing	100%	3.27 km	View
35	infinity business park Bilaspur	PCGRERA260220001096	New	100%	3.3 km	View
36	T. S. BUSINESS PARK Bilaspur	PCGRERA280319000952	New	100%	3.39 km	View
37	arihant heights Takhatpur	PCGRERA200718000613	Ongoing	100%	3.49 km	View
38	aashiyana Takhatpur	PCGRERA180919001042	New	100%	3.57 km	View
39	RISHABH HOMES Bilaspur	PCGRERA080923001668	New	69%	3.63 km	View
40	GOLD LEAF Bodri	PCGRERA260525001932	New	8%	3.68 km	View
41	DWARKAPURAM Bilha	PCGRERA210520001113	New	100%	3.79 km	View

Mean Elevation	269.5 m	Slope (Mean)	0.11°
Min Elevation	260.5 m	Slope (Max)	0.11°
Max Elevation	286.0 m	Elevation Range	25.5 m

Mean Elevation	269.8 m	Slope (Mean)	0.11°
Min Elevation	264.0 m	Slope (Max)	0.11°
Max Elevation	286.0 m	Elevation Range	22.0 m

Mean Elevation	269.1 m	Slope (Mean)	0.11°
Min Elevation	257.0 m	Slope (Max)	0.11°
Max Elevation	286.0 m	Elevation Range	29.0 m

Sendari

Area Snapshot

Monthly Cost of Living

Score Trends

What's Nearby

Air Quality Details

AQI Scale Reference

Key Takeaways

Health Recommendations

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Health Impact

Recommended Action

Water Quality Details

Score Quality Guide

What Each Parameter Means

Sanitation Details

Sanitation Score Formula

ODF Certification Levels

Infrastructure Details (Satellite)

Land Use / Land Cover (ESA WorldCover 10m)

GHSL Built Environment

Settlement Classification (GHSL SMOD)

Nighttime Lights (VIIRS)

Dynamic World Land Cover (10m, near-real-time)

Terrain (ALOS DEM 30m)

Sentinel-2 Spectral Indices

1000m vs 3000m Comparison

Land Use / Land Cover (ESA WorldCover 10m)

GHSL Built Environment

Settlement Classification (GHSL SMOD)

Nighttime Lights (VIIRS)

Dynamic World Land Cover (10m, near-real-time)

Terrain (ALOS DEM 30m)

Sentinel-2 Spectral Indices

Land Use / Land Cover (ESA WorldCover 10m)

GHSL Built Environment

Settlement Classification (GHSL SMOD)

Nighttime Lights (VIIRS)

Dynamic World Land Cover (10m, near-real-time)

Terrain (ALOS DEM 30m)

Sentinel-2 Spectral Indices

Flood & Disaster Risk

Flood Risk Score Formula

Risk Level Scale

Earthquake Risk

Construction Advisory

Earthquake Risk Score

Risk Level Scale

Land Surface Temperature

How is the LST Score calculated?

Open Area

Nighttime Lights

Water Bodies Extent

Population Density

Groundwater Details

What does this mean for you?

Waterlogging Susceptibility

Risk Factor Analysis

Category-wise Risk Scores

Risk Zone Within 5 km

All Clear

Risk Score Formula

Walkability

Detailed Infrastructure Count

What does this mean for you?

Nearby Amenities

Quiet Score Details

CPCB Compliance Status Commercial Zone

Noise Source Proximity